Dental disease
"Temporary bacteremia may occur during dental procedures or toothbrushing, because bacteria living on the gums
around the teeth are forced into the bloodstream.'
"In the past 10 years, subgingival plaque bacteria forming biofilms have been increasingly reported to be involved in
systemic diseases. A close relationship between microbial infections and vascular disease has also been reported in
the past two decades."
Utilizing PCR, the 16S rRNA detection rates for Porphyromonas gingivalis, Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans,
Bacteroides forsythus, Treponema denticola, and Campylobacter rectus in samples of stenotic coronary artery
plaques were determined to be 21.6, 23.3, 5.9, 23.5, and 15.7%, respectively. The detection rates for P. gingivalis
and C. rectus correlated with their presence in subgingival plaque.
Floride
EPA has set an enforceable drinking water standard for fluoride of 4 mg/L [parts per million (ppm)] (some people
who drink water containing fluoride in excess of this level over many years could get bone disease, including pain and
tenderness of the bones).
EPA has also set a secondary fluoride standard of 2 mg/L [ppm] to protect against dental fluorosis. Dental
fluorosis, in its moderate or severe forms, may result in a brown staining and/or pitting of the permanent teeth. This
problem occurs only in developing teeth, before they erupt from the gums. Children under nine should not drink
water that has more than 2 mg/L of fluoride.
Bacteria
1. Actinobacilus -- periodontis -- Necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis
2. Fusobacterium -- gingivitis.
3. Neisseria -- acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis
4. Rothia -- dental caries and periodontal disease
5. Streptococci are the primary component of the multispecies oral biofilm known as supragingival dental plaque;
they grow by fermentation of sugars to organic acids, e.g., lactic acid.
6. Veillonellae, a ubiquitous component of early plaque, are unable to use sugars; they ferment organic acids, such as
lactate, to a mixture of shorter-chain-length acids, CO2, and hydrogen
Prevalence of periodontal pathogens in subgingival lesions, atherosclerotic plaques and healthy blood
vessels: a preliminary study
"Periodontal samples from the severe periodontitis group were found to have a higher prevalence and biomass of
bacterial species than the moderate periodontitis group. In vessel samples, the prevalence of the same 20 bacterial
species analyzed together was similar in the two groups, except for saphenous veins.
Conclusion: The presence of periodontal pathogens in atherosclerotic plaques and in apparently healthy vessels
appeared to reflect a higher level of bacteremia rather than infection of endothelial cells"
Involvement of periodontopathic biofilm in vascular diseases.
RESEARCH PAPERS
Oral Diseases. 10(1):5-12, January 2004.
Okuda, K; Kato, T; Ishihara, K
Abstract:
Oral bacteria inhabit biofilms, which are firm clusters adhering in layers to surfaces and are not easily eliminated by
immune responses and are resistant to antimicrobial agents. Dental plaque is one such biofilm. In the past 10 years,
subgingival plaque bacteria forming biofilms have been increasingly reported to be involved in systemic diseases. A
close relationship between microbial infections and vascular disease has also been reported in the past two decades.
The present review discusses the significance of the ecologic characteristics of biofilms formed by periodontopathic
bacteria in order to further clarify the associations between periodontal disease and systemic disease. We focus on the
relationships between periodontal disease-associated bacteria forming biofilms and vascular diseases including
atherosclerosis and carotid coronary stenotic artery disease, and we discuss the direct and indirect effects on vascular
diseases of lipopolysaccharides as well as heat shock proteins produced by periodontopathic bacteria.
(C) 2004 Munksgaard International Publishers Ltd.
http://pt.wkhealth.com/pt/re/ordi/abstract.00044299-200401000-00002.htm;jsessionid=JmyRGyGyx2ghZKLDtT339fNppr
Xf31sYXyWv0LXCTsy9P5Q5BjHy!1945311642!181195628!8091!-1
Journal of Clinical Microbiology, March 2004, p. 1313-1315, Vol. 42, No. 3 0095-1137/04/$08.00+0 DOI:
10.1128/JCM.42.3.1313-1315.2004 Copyright © 2004, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.
Correlation between Detection Rates of Periodontopathic Bacterial DNA in Carotid Coronary Stenotic Artery
Plaque and in Dental Plaque Samples
Kazuyuki Ishihara,1* Akihiro Nabuchi,2 Rieko Ito,1 Kouji Miyachi,1 Howard K. Kuramitsu,3 and Katsuji Okuda1
Department of Microbiology, Oral Health Science Center, Tokyo Dental College, Chiba,1 Heart Disease Center, Yamato
Seiwa Hospital, Kanagawa, Japan,2 Department of Oral Biology, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New
York3 Received 25 April 2003/ Returned for modification 11 August 2003/ Accepted 29 November 2003
Utilizing PCR, the 16S rRNA detection rates for Porphyromonas gingivalis, Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans,
Bacteroides forsythus, Treponema denticola, and Campylobacter rectus in samples of stenotic coronary artery plaques
were determined to be 21.6, 23.3, 5.9, 23.5, and 15.7%, respectively. The detection rates for P. gingivalis and C.
rectus correlated with their presence in subgingival plaque
http://jcm.asm.org/cgi/content/abstract/42/3/1313