| GLOSSARY OF INFECTIONS CAUSED BY BACTERIA, VIRUSES, HELMINTHS, PROTOZOA, FUNGUS In Sludge biosolids and Reclaimed sewage effluent water A-D E-I J-O P-Z Empyema -- presence of pus in a bodily cavity --relating to either of a pair of two-walled sacs of serous membrane each of which lines one lateral half of the part of the mammalian body that is situated between the neck and the abdomen and supported by the ribs, costal cartilages, and sternum. Encephalitis -- inflammation of the brain Endocarditis -- inflammation of the lining of the heart and its valves Endophthalmitis -- inflammation (as from infection by a fungus of the genus Candida) that affects the interior of the eyeball Endotoxin -- toxin of internal origin; specifically : a poisonous substance present in bacteria (as the causative agent of typhoid fever) but separable from the cell body only on its disintegration Enteric -- relating to, or affecting the intestines Enteric fever, rose spots) communicable disease marked by fever, diarrhea, prostration, headache, splenomegaly, eruption of rose-colored spots, leukopenia, and intestinal inflammation and caused by a bacterium of the genus Salmonella (S. typhi) -- any of numerous salmonelloses (as necrotic enteritis) that resemble typhoid fever and are commonly contracted by eating contaminated food Enteritis -- inflammation of the intestines and especially of the human, last three fifths of the part of the small intestine beyond the end of the duodenum and that is smaller and thinner- walled than the first two fifths with fewer circular folds but more numerous lymphoid tissue erysipelas -- an acute febrile disease that is associated with intense often vesicular and edematous local inflammation of the skin and subcutaneous tissues and that is caused by a hemolytic streptococcus erythema nodosum -- a skin condition characterized by small tender reddened nodules under the skin (as over the shin bones) often accompanied by fever and transitory arthritic pains etiologic agent -- causing or contributing to the cause of a disease or condition -- the cause or causes of a disease or abnormal condition, some types of cancer have a viral etiology, multiple etiology in which biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors all play a role Exotoxin -- soluble poisonous substance produced during growth of a microorganism and released into the surrounding medium Extrapulmonary -- begins with skin lesions, sinusitis, or pneumonia; may involve the liver, kidneys, brain, and other tissues; and is often rapidly fatal. Fecal coliform -- relating to, or being gram-negative rod-shaped bacteria (as thermotolerant E. coli) normally present in the intestine that ferment lactose at 44.5 °C. A temperature of 44.5°C(112.1°F) inhibited the growth of all the coliforms of nonfecal origin as well as a large number of fecal coliforms. A recent study, July 2007, found thermotolerant 04 (Uropathogenic E. coli, UPEC), 025 (Enterotoxigenic E. coli, ETEC), 086 (Enteropathogenic E. coli, EPEC), 0103 (Shiga-toxin producing E. coli, STEC), 0157 (Shiga-toxin producing E. coli, STEC), 08 (Enterotoxigenic E. coli, ETEC) and 0113 (Shiga-toxin producing E. coli, STEC) in drinking water systems. Fifth disease -- an acute eruptive disease especially of children that is caused by a parvovirus (species B19 virus of the genus Erythrovirus), that is first manifested by a blotchy red rash on the cheeks followed by a maculopapular rash on the extremities, and that is usually accompanied by fever and malaise Flesh eating -- the media's name for the necrotizing infections caused by pathogens. The term “flesh-eating” has been used because the bacterial infection produces toxins that destroy tissues such as muscles, skin, and fat. This was a rare disease in early 1990 called necrotizing fasciitis. Today, it is on a rampage through Tucson, Arizona. Focal (oral) infections -- relating to, being, or having a focus Gallbladder -- membranous muscular sac in which bile from the liver is stored gangrenous cellulitis -- invasion of blood vessels by hyphae, followed by thrombosis and subsequent necrosis extending to all soft tissue compartments. Gas gangrene -- progressive gangrene marked by impregnation of the dead and dying tissue with gas and caused by one or more toxin-producing bacteria of the genus Clostridium that enter the body through wounds and proliferate in necrotic tissue Gastroenteroitis -- inflammation of the lining membrane of the stomach and the intestines Gastrointestinal tract -- the stomach and intestine as a functional unit Genitourinary tract -- system of organs comprising those concerned with the production and excretion of urine and those concerned with reproduction Germicides -- agent that destroys germs Gingivitis -- inflammation of the gums Glomerulitis -- : inflammation of the small convoluted or intertwined mass (as of organisms, nerve fibers, or capillaries): of the kidney gonorrhea -- contagious inflammation of the genital mucous membrane caused by the gonococcus granulomatous lymphadenitis -- inflammation of lymph nodes -- either of two diseases that are inherited as X-linked and autosomal traits, are characterized by recurrent infections which lead to granuloma formation at infection sites (as the skin or lungs), and result from a defect in the ability of white blood cells to destroy bacteria and fungi haemodialysis fistulae -- Inflected Form(s) -- abnormal passage that leads from an abscess or hollow organ or part to the body surface or from one hollow organ or part to another and that may be surgically created to permit passage of fluids or secretions. Helper T cells -- retroviruses attack Helper T cells found at the interfaces between the external environment and the internal environment, e.g., skin and lining of the GI tract. hemolytic-uremic syndrome -(HUS) is a disorder that occurs when an infection in the digestive system produces toxic substances that destroy red blood cells. It often affects the kidneys. The focus is on E. coli O157:H7, but it has also been caused by other enteric infections, including Shigella and Salmonella, and some non-enteric infections. It is the most common cause of acute kidney failure in children Hemorrhagic fever -- Viral hemorrhagic fevers (VHFs) are a group of illnesses caused by four families of viruses. These include the Ebola and Marburg viruses and Lassa fever virus. VHFs have common features: they affect many organs, they damage the blood vessels and they affect the body's ability to regulate itself. Some VHFs cause mild disease, but some, like Ebola or Marburg, cause severe disease and death. hemorrhagic septicemias - black plague - Septicemic, in which bacteria multiply in the blood. It causes fever, chills, shock and bleeding under the skin or other organs hepatic -- refers to the liver hepatitis -- Hepatitis is a swelling of the liver that makes it stop working well. It can lead to scarring, called cirrhosis, or to cancer. hospital acquired infections -- are usually more severe that community acquired infections. hydrogen sulfide -- is second to hydrogen Cyanide. It has a rotten egg smell at extremely low levels. Settles in low places. At high levels, it deaden smell and stops the respiratory system within seconds. It can result from bacterial breakdown of organic matter. It is also produced by human and animal wastes. Bacteria found in your mouth and gastrointestinal tract produce hydrogen sulfide from bacteria decomposing materials that contain vegetable or animal proteins hydrops fetalis -- Hydrops fetalis is a severe, life-threatening problem of severe edema (swelling) in the fetus and newborn. It is also called hydrops. There are two types of hydrops:
immunocompromised -- Having an immune system that has been impaired by disease or treatment. indolent inflammatory lesions -- causing little or no pain, growing or progressing slowly, tending to cause inflammation, an abnormal change in structure of an organ or part due to injury or disease inflammation -- a local response to cellular injury that is marked by capillary dilatation, leukocytic infiltration, redness, heat, pain, swelling, and often loss of function and that serves as a mechanism initiating the elimination of noxious agents and of damaged tissue intestinal perforation intracranial -- situated or occurring within the skull - cranium, affecting or involving intracranial structures intraperitoneal abscesses -- situated within or administered by entering the smooth transparent serous membrane that lines the cavity of the abdomen of a mammal, is folded inward over the abdominal and pelvic viscera, and consists of an outer layer closely adherent to the walls of the abdomen and an inner layer that folds to invest the viscera Invasive infections -- acquired by inhalation of spores or, occasionally, by direct invasion through damaged skin. A-D E-I J -O P-Z |